Heating



Sept. so, 1941. M, F, MQQRE 2,257,638

j INVENTOR. Y /Vffmf F Moof BY M A ATTORNEY.

Sept. 30, 1941. M. F. MOORE HEATING Filed Feb. l0, 1939 A@ bm s QS OQ NQ ZNVENTOR.

M0106 F Moo/ef ATTORNEY.

Sept. 30, 1941.

M. F. MocE Y HEATING Filed Fe}b41o, 1959 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 zNvENToR. f F. MOORE BY MEAD ATTORNEY.

Patented Sept. 30, 1941 HEATING Meade F. Moore, Kenosha, Wis., assigner to ,Nash-Kelvinator Corporation, Kenosha, Wis.,

a corporation of Maryland Application February 10, 1939, Serial No. 255,596

e claims.

This invention relates to the art of heating and has particular reference to that branch of this art which dealswith the heating and ventilating of the interior of automotive vehicles.

Devices for warming the air or warming the interior or passenger space of an automotive vehicle are very well known, but such devices in the past have, in the main, been conned' to ing it. There have been several exceptions to this general rule, notably, devices which depend upon circulation of air under the impetus of the motor cooling fan, such air being passed through an exhaust manifold heater prior to delivery to the vehicle interior. A limited number of devices have employed the heated cooling iluid from the radiator of a vehicle for the purpose of heating air taken in through a cowl ventilator prior to discharging the samefinto the vehicle interior.

It is an object of this invention to utilize all of the advantages which are inherent in the latter typeof heater in order to provide a vehicle heating and Ventilating system which will operate in such a manner as to provide uniform comfort conditions within the vehicle throughout the entire range, of cold weather conditions which the vehicle'may encounter during its use.

An additional'object of the invention is to provide a heater of this nature which is easily installed, economical to manufacture, and which will have a low operating cost.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a heating element for warming air passing thereacross to a uniform temperature over the entire cross section of the heating element.

A still further object of the invention is to provide, in a heating and Ventilating device of the class above described, means for securing a uniform and even distribution of the air discharged therefrom throughout the vehicle interior.

A further object of the invention is to provide means whereby the warm air issuing from the heater may be conducted to points adjacent the windshield for the purpose .of defrosting the same.

A further object of the invention is to provide a heater of the class described which will have adequate capacity and yet which is so designed that its bulk does not interfere with the proper Vmanipulation of pedals or levers such as' are necessary to the operation of the vehicle.

Additional objects and advantages of the in- ,55 adapted .to exclude the lheat and noise originating v vention will appear more fully hereinafter as the description proceeds and will be pointed out more completely in connection with the appended claims.

In the drawings, of which there are three sheets, and which are to be taken as illustrative and not as limiting the invention: A g

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view through a portion of the dash, cowl and instrument panel of an automotive vehicle showing'the device of Ythe present invention in side elevation;

Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view similar to Figure 1 but taken through the heater device shown in Figure l;

Figure 3 is a vertical transverse sectional view through the heater shown in Figures 1 and 2, certain .parts being broken awayf and others being shown in section more clearly to illustrate the invention;

Figure 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken substantially upon planes, as indicated by the broken line 4 4 of Figure 3, and looking in the direction of the arrows; l f

Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view through aA portion of the defroster mechanism, taken upon a plane as indicated by line 5 5 of Figure 3 and looking in the direction of the arrows; ,v y

Figure 6 is a detail sectional view through the heater casing and shutter mechanism therefor, taken substantially upona plane as indicated by Y the line 6-6 of Figure 3 and looking in the direction of the arrows;`

Figure 7 is a detail sectional view showing the connection of the water shed and filter element to the interior of the heater casing, such view being taken upon a plane, as indicated by the line 1-1 of Figure 2, and looking in the direction of the arrows; and,

Figure 8 is a detail view oi' a clip used to attach the lower casing to the upper casing.

Referring more speciiically to the drawings in which similar reference characters are employed to designate similar parts, the device is shown as being embodied in a two part casing I0 which is adapted to be received under the cowl I2 of an automotive vehicle, forwardly of the instrument panel I 4, and rearwardly of the dash i6. Dash I6 may comprisea metal panel secured inlany suitable manner at its upper end to a forwardly flanged portion I8 of the cowl which Vis adapted to 4be concealed by the` hood it of the vehicle. The dash i6 may be provided with suitable heat and noise insulating panel members 22 which are same downwardly into the heater case I8. The

skirt 32 has attached to its rearside a lever 34 mounted rigidly upon a rock shaft 36, such rock shaft being adapted to be operated to raise and lower the cover 28 by means of a manually operated lever 38 (Figure 1) which projects below the` bottom of the instrument panel I4 to a position in which it is readily manually operable. Suitable friction means (not shown) bearing upon the shaft 36 may be provided for retaining the cowl opening cover 28 in its adjusted position.

Adjacent the cowl intake opening 26 the cowl .I2 is provided with downwardly offset portions 48 which form a channel for the reception of suitable gasket material 42 against which down-A wardly flanged edges 44 of the cowl cover 28 are adapted to seat'to exclude air and moisture and to prevent rattling of these two parts when the cover 28 is in closed position. Batlle 32 may have suitably secured to its forward edge, as at 46, a

Vscreen 48 to prevent the entrance of relatively large foreign objects into the heater casing by way of the cowl opening 26. It will be understood that the closure operating shaft 36 is pivoted within the heater casing I8 and that it. is suitably sealed against the passage of air therealong at the point where it emerges from the casing I8..

As previously indicated, the casing I8 is made up of two parts, the upper portion 58 of which is generally rectangular in outline, but provided with a flanged opening in its upper portion; the flanges 52 of which are received within the opening 26 in the cowl so as to engage tightly therewith. The flanges 62 may be secured to the flanged edges of the cowl opening as by bolts or if desired by spot welding. Upper casing 58 has a projecting corner 54 which is adapted to extend around and enclose the operating shaft 36 for cover 28,

A clip 56 secured as by welding to the inlterior of the upper casing 58 extends entirely across the rear portion of the casing 58 and has a flanged forward edge 58to provide a surface against which there may be received a combined filter and water separator 68. Member 56 is also extended upwardly and forwardly as at 62 to provide a shoulder for receiving and centering the upper ,edge of the combined separator and filter 68and is provided with a downwardly turned end 64 to prevent accidental displacement of the filter and separator 60. Spring clips 6I6 are provided upon the interior ofthe casing 58 and have fingers 68 for engagingthe upper sur-y face of the separator and filter 68 for retaining the same in position. Clips 66 may be secured to stop members 61 (as shown in Figure 7), which are secured to the interior of casing 50, and said stop members may have upturned portions 69 against which the separator 68 rests.

The separator plate 18 comprises a metal panel which has formed therein a series of downwardly opening louvers, which comprises in effect, a single-roof arrangement for shedding water which may come into contact therewith as by th passage of moisture laden air through the casing 58. A separator plate of this particular type is disclosed more in detail in the co-pending application of Meade F. Moore, Serial No. 188,712, flied February 4, 1938, for Heating and ventilating systems for automobiles.

The louvers 18 are adapted to discharge tile moisture collected thereon downwardly into a trough 12 which is formed in the lower forward corner of the casing 58 by means of an upturned flange 14 upon the open lower end of the casing 58. Flange 14 also serves to provide a stop against which the bottom edge of the filter element and its supporting frame 16 are positioned. The drainage trough 12 has connected thereto a flexible tube 18, which passes through an aperture 88 in the dash I6 and the insulating panels 22 for discharging moisturev accumulated in the trough 12 into the motor compartment and hence to the exterior of the vehicle.

Filter 82maybe of any desired type for straining dust, pollen or other impurities from the air entering the vehicle. It is also contemplated that poisonous gas absorptive materials, such as activated carbon, could be employed in the place of this filter or in addition to it so as to constitute a gas-proof shelter within the vehicle in the event of gas attacks in wartime.

Referring to Figure 3, it will be recognized that the casing 58 is inwardly flanged at its lower edge along its sides to provide seats 86 upon which there is secured a plate 88 by means of bolts 98. Bolts 98 may extend through a gasket or separator 92, which performs the function of sealing the parts 86 and 88 to fone another and preventing any rattling thereof. Plate 88 (see Figure 2) also extends rearwardly and laterally of casing 58 and is secured by bolts 94 (Figure 4) at itsrearmost portion to the underside of the I 98 to the instrument panel I4, the remainder of the flange 96 being secured to the plate 88 by means of spring clips |88 which have a burr or spur |82 (see Figure 8) upon an inside portion thereof to prevent their accidental withdrawal from their enclosing position about the edges of the members 96 and 88. The rearmost portion of the casing 98 accordingly extends'to a position just forward of the exposed face of the instrument panel and therebeneath so that an adjusting handle |84 and a switch'handle I'86 carried by casing 98 may readily be operated by an individual seated within the vehicle. The bottom portion of the casing 98 has a wide wedge shape in which is provided a series of slotted apertures |88 by means of which the heated air from the casing 98 is exhausted in such a manner as'to distribute it equally from both sides of the heater.- d

The supporting plate 88 also has other functions; that is, to provide for support of the heat exchange element indicated generally at I I8 and to define a baille for causing substantially all of the air to flow through such heat exchanger. The heat exchange element I I8 comprises a tubular radiator core made up of tubes I|2 having.

in tanks or headers H6 a'nd ||8, which tanks are supported at their upper ends by means of a brazed, welded or soldered connection to the under side of plate 88. The heating medium for the radiator ||8 is the motor cooling medium which is present in all modern motor vehicles. Suitable connections are employed whereby the heated cooling medium is taken olf from the l outlet or hot side ofthe cooling liquid jacket of the internal combustion motor and flows through a tube Y|28 which extends through the dash |6 and an aperture in the front wall of the casing 88. A section of flexible tubing |22 connects the delivery end of the conduit |28 to the intake end |24 of a thermostatically actuated regulating valve |26', supported ori a plate |28 which is secured to the rear wall of the casing 96 in any suitable manner. The outlet end |38 of the regulating valve |26 is connected through a flexible coupling |32 to the-inlet end |34 of the heat exchanger ||8. The inlet |34 is connected tothe bottom of tank ||6 which has positioned therein a baille |36 (Figure 3) for the purpose of preventing iiow of the heating medium toward `the tank ||8 except through the lower half of the tubes |22, return of the heating medium from the tank ||8 to the tank ||6 being accomplished through the remaining or upper half of the tubes ||2. From the forward upper portion of the tank ||6 a tube |38 connects with a flexible conduit (not shown) for returning the spent or cooled liquid to the water circulating system of the motor.

The thermostatically actuated regulating valve |26 may comprise any desired type of automatically actuated valve, but itis here shown as adapted to be opened or closed in accordance with the requirements which are imposed as hereinafterdescribed. The valve may comprise a suitable bellows or sylphon with a section of flexible metallic tubing |48 attached thereto, said sylphon and tubing forming a closed chamber within which a charge of refrigerant, under approximatelylbs. per square inch pressure.-

is sealed. The tubing |48 extends to a point within an enlarged portion |44 of a sampler tube |42, supported at its upper end upon the inwardly flanged lower edge 86 of the case 58. and in a position to take in a sample vof the cleaned and dehydrated air issuing from the lter and separator. The tube |48 is coiled within the enlarged portion |44 of the` sampler |42, as at |46, and the free end of the refrigerant filled tube |48 'extends outside of the casing 98 where it terminates in a bulb |48 projecting into the in terior of the vehicle. The control tube |48 and `bulb |46, together with the coil |44, serve to detect the temperature existing within the vehil cle and the temperature of the incoming air for 'adjusting the degree of ,opening of the' water valve |26 by reason of the change of refrigerant for variations in the temperature .of the incoming air and yet this valve serves to prevent an undue fluctuation of the temperature within the vehicle by reason of thebulb .|48. Since the valve is set |50 pass a given quantity of hot waterjin normal operation, the temperature of the air within the vehicle will remain the same at all times due to its opening and closing movements.

Provision is also made for manual adjustment of the setting of the valve |26 by means of the control knob |84 which varies the compression of loaded springs for controlling the movement of the bellows or sylphon. These parts are not illustrated as they are all extremely well known,

particularly in the art of refrigeration control.

vehicle will serve to entrain suihcient air (particularly at speeds ranging upwards of 20 miles per hour) for all heating purposes of the vehicle. At speeds below 20 miles per hour, it is necessary that some additional means be employed for circulating the air from the exterior `of the vehicle through the heating element, as insufficient air will be entrained for heating purposes at low speeds or when the vehicle is standing. The fan may be operated at the will of the vehicle operator by means of a rheostat switch |60 secured to the rear wall of the casing 98 and adapted to be manipulated by means of the control knob |86, A suitable electric conductor |62 extends from the switch to the fan, it being understood tioned adiacent the control knob |84 to illuv minate the same for indicating to the operator that the fan is in operation.

In addition to the slots |88, which are provided in the wedge faces of the underside of the casing 88, a `series of downwardly opening louvers |68 may be provided in the front face of the casing 88 but below the level of the' radiator core so as to distribute the heated air forwardly as well as laterally of the heater casing. The slots |88`are adapted to be closed by a shutter mechanism indicated generally at |10. The shutter mechanism |18 comprises a plate |12 (see Figures 2 and 3) which is adapted to 'slide upon the wedge shaped under portion of the casing 88, and is providedwith beads |14 extending longitudinally of the casing for facilitating such sliding movement. Bolts |16 vsecured tothe casing k88 have their shanks projecting through slots |18 in the shutter |12 `and are encircled by coil springs |82 extending between washers |88 and the upper surface of the shutterl 12 so as to hold the shutter |12 firmly against the inner surface of the'casing 98 for retaining it in adjusted position. The shutter |12 is provided with slots |84 which are adapted at one limit of movement of the shutter |12 to register with'the slots |86 in the casing 98. A handle |86 projects downwardly from the shutter |12 through a slot |88 in the underside of the casing 3l and provides .a means for manipulation of the shutter by the operator of the vehicle to openy and close the slots '|88for a purpose hereinafter to be described, it being understood that at its other limit of movement the slots in the shutter and casing are out of alinement to pre-V vent passage of air therethrough.

At each side ofthe lower casing 34 and in ver I.

tical side wall |90 thereof, there are provided apertures |92 into which are tted rubber connectors made by reason of the resiliency of the rubber connector |94, which is provided with a slot extending therearound and which is simply snapped into place within the aperture |92. The connector- |94 may be vulcanized or otherwise suitably secured to a section of flexible tubing |96 which extends upwardly and has connected to its opposite end a nozzle |98. The nozzle |98 is flattened and extended transvers-ely, its ends being provided at 200 (see Figure 3) with attaching flanges apertured for the reception of screws 202 threaded into the instrument panel. Nozzle |98 is provided adjacent the flange 200 with a second flanged portion 204 extending at right angles to the ange 200 to provide. a seat for a sealing gasket 206 of rubber or other suitable material vwhich i-s clamped by means of the screws 202 threaded into a portion 208 of the instrument panel between the flange 200 and the instrument panel'.

The instrument panel extends upwardly and forwardly at this point and is joined to the rear edge of the cowl I2 as by welding forwardly of the Windshield 24. A rubber gasket 2| 2 has a slot 2|4 (see Figure 5) in which the flanged and welded edges of the cowl andinstrument panel are received, and is provided with a second slot 2|5` for the reception and retention of the lower edge of the windshield 24. The section 208.of the instrument panelis provided with apertures 2|6 for connecting the interior of the nozzles |98 with a header 2|8 formed by an ornamental bead 220 overlying the instrument panel at this point and extending completely across the'passenger compartment to the rear of the windshield 24. Bead 220 also serves to hold the Windshield gasket 2|2 in place. The ornamental bead 220 is provided with a series of upwardly opening apertures 222 which are provided with vanes 224 for deflecting the air issuing from the aperture 22 on to the windshield 24. It will be recognized that when it is desired to operate the defrosters in a more efiicient manner; that is, to assure large quantities of warm air flowing against the windshield as for the purpose of thawing or melting sleet or ice which -is forming thereon, the shutter |12 may be drawn rearwardly by means of the handle |88 to move the slots |84 thereof out of alinement with the slots ||08 in |94. ThisV connection may readily be moisture thereon. It will also be understood that suitable gaskets for sound and heat insulation are employed between all metal parts which might otherwise come in contact with one another. Employment of gaskets prevents the transmission of heat therethrough or undue rattling of these parts. The scale which has been chosen to illustrate the device is of too small a nature to permit showing of all such gaskets.

It should also be noted that thelplate 00 serves, in addition to supporting the lower heater casing 98 and the heat exchanger I0 and its associated parts, as a baflle for causing all of the air coming through the upper casing to pass through the radiator ||0.

The iiat Wedge shape of 'the bottom casing 98,

air toward both sides of the heater (which is placed centrally of the vehicle in the front coml partment thereof), also provides room for the feet of the passengers of the vehicle who will be located upon each sidethereof, and permits ready manipulation of the foot pedals such as the accelerator pedal 230.

The use of the two pass or reverse flow radiator has been found'to be quite essential in a construction of this nature because of the wide difference between the temperature of the incoming air and the temperature at which it is delivered to the vehicle interior. It has been -found that if a single pass radiator is employed, with the Water or heating medium simply iiowing from one side header to the other side header, the temperature of the entering air stream within the vehicle varies widely across its cross section. By employing a two pass radiator, the heating medium at its point of entry where it is hottest the casing 98, thereby bailling and restricting the p normal operation relatively small quantities ofl air will ow through the tubes |98 and will evaporate any moisture which might normally collect upon the windshield due to the warmer temperature which exists within the car, and it is only necessary to employ the defroster arrangement when unusual weather conditions are met with in the operation of the vehicle.

It will be noted that the instrument` panel |4 is at all points spaced from the casing 50 which carries the cold air from the ventilatorvopening 28 'to the heater ||0. 4and for this reason the instrument panel |4 will remain at the temperature of the interior of the vehicle, thus preventing the panel from feeling cold to the touch or becoming clammy due to the condensation of and at its point of exit where it is coolest lie adjacent one another. This arrangement serves to equalize the temperatures of the air discharged therefrom by causing-t e air to flow first across the coolest portion/of the radiator, as upon the right side of Figure 3, and then across the warmest portion. This also has `the effect of using the counterflow principle of heat exchange to provide the widest possible difference in temperature between the heating and heated medium. The air owing through the radiator upon the left side of Figure 3 moves over a portion of the radiator core in which the two passes of the radiator are at about the same temperature. It has been found that a uniform temperature throughout the cross section of the air str'eam is thus obtained.

The vehicle in which this system is installed will be understood to be of the closed type, and it is in such a vehicle that the system has its greatest utility, although it also has limited utility in connection with open type Vehicles. When used .in conjunction with a closed vehicle, it is contemplated that the device will be operated with all of the windows closed tightly so as to exclude the possibility of air entering the vehicle in any manner except through the cowl ventilator opening 26. At speeds above 20 miles an hour when not using the fan and at lower speeds when using the fan, it is found that air is brought into the vehicle with all the doors and windows closed in sufficient quantity to create a slightly positivepressure (above atmospheric) within the vehicle. This pressure will range from one to three inches of waterland is maintained by the constant induction of-gl'arge" quantities of air into the vehicle through the cowl ventilator. IThis air pressurewhich constantly exists within the of air per minute.

car when the heater is in operation, causes all leaks which generally exist around the doors and the windows and in the floor construction to reverse their normal direction of flow so that there is a constant leakage of the warm, vitiated air outwardly through these cracks and crevices. This outward leakage of warm air excludes the possibility of the usual drafts of cold air which are normally present in all cars striking the occupants of the ,car and causing their discomfort and illness.

The creation of a positive pressure Within the vehicle has added utility if the vehicle is to be employed as a gas shelter during poison gas raids as there is no possibility of poison gases leaking into the vehicle, the entire supply of fresh air being drawn in through the cowl ventilator and freed of poison gas by passing it over a suitable filter or absorbingelement, such as activated carbon, prior to its discharge into the 'passenger Space.

It is contemplated that the heating device of `the present invention will have sufiicient capacity to take in and warm to car temperature, quantities of air ranging up to 750 cubic feet The minimum quantity of air taken in, as when the car is standing still with the fan operating, will be in the order of 160 cubic feet per minute. It will be recognized, since the Volume of an empty car does not exceed 175 cubic feet, that even at low speeds or when the car is standing still with one or two occupants in the car, a complete change of air is effected at least once a minute, and that at high speeds, that is at 60 miles per hour, four or more air changes are effected every minute. This increase in air changes is useful due to the increased cooling effect of thecold air flowing about the exterior of the car body. These large quantities of air entering the car also serve, in conjunction with the closed condition of the vehicle and the leakage factor previously described, to distribute the warmed air uniformly throughout the car.

It will thus be recognized that a device has been provided which fullls the objects and partakes of the advantages hereinbefore described, and that this device may readily be installed in vehicles without requiring any major alteration thereof, Although the invention has been described in considerable detail, such description is not to beQ taken as limiting, but merely as illustrative of the invention and all equivalents falling within the scope of the attached claims are reserved.

l. In a combination with an instrument panel, a cowl having a cold air intake opening in its top, and a dash of an automotive vehicle, a heater for warming air taken in through said cowl openpanel, a casing forming a filter chamber positioned forwardly of said instrument panel and supported from said cowl about said opening, a plate attachable to said casing and the bottom of said instrument panel an-d defining an opening at the bottom of said casing, a heat exchange unit carried on` said plate and registering with the opening therein, a housing attachable to said plate and around said heat exchange unit, and controls for said heat exchange unit mounted on said housing.

3. In an automobile having an instrument panel with a cowl panel extending forwardly therefrom and defining an opening, a heater comprising` a plenum chamber supported from said cowl panel around said opening and spaced forwardly from said instrument panel, a plate defining a second opening removably secured to the bottom of said instrument panel and the bottom of said plenum chamber with said second opening registering with said plenum chamber, insulating material positioned between said plate and said plenum chamber, a heater casing removably secured to said plate and defining an opening communicatingl with the interior of said automobile, and heating instrumentalities positioned within said casing and arranged to heat air passing through said casing from said plenum chamber. y

4. In an automobile having an instrument panel with a cowl nanel extending forwardly therefrom and defining an intake opening. a heater comprising a plenum chamber supported below l, said cowl panel and about said intake opening and forwardly of said instrument panel, a plate defining a second opening removably secured to the bottom of said instrument panel and the bottom'of said plenum chamber with said second opening registering with said plenum chamber,

insulating material positioned between said plate and said plenum chamber, a heater casing removably Iattached to said plate at points outside of said plenum chamber, said casing defining an opening communicating with the interior of said automobile, and a vheat exchanger supported within said casing and in the path of air passing from said plenum chamber through said second opening.

`5. In an automobile having an instrument panel with a cowl panel extending forwardly therefrom and defining an intake opening, a heater comprising a plenum chamber supported from said cowl panel and around said intake opening, a plate secured to the lower edges of said instrument panel and plenum chamber, said plate being insulated from said plenum chamber, a casing supported by said plate an-d communicating with said plenum chamber, and a i ing comprising a plenum chamber, and a heating chamber, said plenum chamber being provided with means for separating moisture and l foreign particles from the incoming air, a plate supported from said plenum chamber and said instrument panel and supporting the heating chamber. and heating instrumentalities located in Nto the interior of the vehicle.

2. In combination with an automobile having a cowl denlng an opening and an instrument heat exchanger positioned in said casing in the' path of air from said plenum chamber.

6. A heater in combination with an automotive vehicle having an instrument panel and a dash, the heater being spaced forwardly from' the instrument panel within the'space between the instrument panel and the dash and comprising a cold air plenum chamber supported from an exterior wall of the vehicle, a bracing means removably secured between the bottom of said plenum chamber and the bottom of said instrument panel and a warm air chamber supported belowv said plenum chamber by said v bracing means and arranged to receive air from said plenum chamber. g

MEADE F. MOORE. 

